Source By late 10th century the Muslim presence in Sindh had deteriorated to two insignificant families in control of Multan and Mansurah. Kabul and surrounding neighborhood was under the control of Hindu kings from the middle of 9th century. A dynasty called the Shahis flourished here and extended their kingdom up to Punjab in the… Continue reading Mahmud of Ghazni

Source Western Afghanistan comprising the provinces of Herat (whose name is derived from Hari-Rud which is said to be a derivation from the older term Hari-Rudra – two Hindu dieties), Kandahar (the ancient Gandhara of the Mahabharata) was ruled by Sabuktagin a Muslim ruler from a town named Ghazni. He was facing Raja Jaya Pala… Continue reading Hindu Shahis

327 BC The area known today as Afghanistan, part of the Persian Achaemenian empire, is conquered by Alexander the Great, who then departs for India. Ruins of a Greek city founded about 325 BC were discovered at Ay Khanom. Excavations produce Greek architectural elements, including a theatre and a gymnasium. 304 BC The modern day… Continue reading Assessing Afghanistan